Theory of electrooptic modulation via a quantum dot coupled to a. Highmodulation efficiency silicon machzehnder optical. The basic question concerning an electrooptic modulator is the voltage required to produce a given change in transmittance. We offer both broadband dccoupled and high q resonant models, as well as a high voltage amplifier that is compatible with all our models. The implementation of optical interconnections relies on the development of micro optical devices that are integrated with the microelectronics on chips. Theory of electrooptic modulation via a quantum dot. Silicon microringbased signal modulation for chipscale. The modulator consists of a ring resonator coupled to a single waveguide. An electrooptic modulator eom is an optical device in which a signalcontrolled element exhibiting an electrooptic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. Pdf wide temperature range operation of micrometerscale. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides 57, light emitters 8, amplifiers 911 and lasers 12, approach this goal, but a small silicon electrooptic modulator with a size small enough for chipscale integration has not yet been demonstrated.
This video demonstrates how to transfer data between lumericals electrical and optical solvers. It combines silicon waveguides with a highly nonlinear electrooptic eo organic material 49. A bulk electrooptic amplitude modulator consists of a voltagetunable wave plate followed by a polarizer. Silicon waveguides can be functionalized with an organic chi2nonlinear cladding. Optoacoustic oscillator using silicon mems optical modulator suresh sridaran and sunil a. Silicon microring based modulator and filter for high. Modeling of the nonlinear distortion in an electrooptic. The corresponding transfer chart is depicted by black curve in fig. Characterization of silicon electrooptical modulator for. It typically contains one or two pockels cells, and possibly additional optical elements such as polarizers. We demonstrate high bit rate electro optic modulation in a resonant micrometer scale silicon modulator over an ambient temperature range of 15 k. The linear electrooptic effect or pockels effect, that is the change of the refractive index in response to an applied electric field. Rp photonics encyclopedia electrooptic modulators, eom.
The transmission of the waveguide is highly sensitive to the signal wavelength and is greatly reduced at wavelengths in which. Amplitude modulators basically consist of an electrooptic modulator followed by a polarizer. Wide temperature range operation of micrometer scale silicon electrooptic modulators article pdf available in optics letters 3319. T he electrooptic am plitude m odulator e o a m is a pockels cell type m odulator con sistin g of tw o m atched lithium n iobate crystals packaged in a com pact housin g w ith an r f in put con n ector. Osa wide temperature range operation of micrometerscale. Result, conventional ln modulators are bulky in size and low in modulation efficiency v. Micrometrescale silicon electrooptic modulator rice ece. We also measured the spurfree dynamic range sfdr of the modulator using twotone method, showing maximum sfdr of 40 dbc and 46 dbc respectively for second harmonic distortion and thirdorder. Most notably the bandwidth has increased from the mhz to the multi ghz regime in little more than half a decade. Modulators exploiting this effect are popular because they allow for reliable phase and. Microring resonators exhibit a great potential to achieve compact, low powerconsumption and highspeed modulators.
Here we experimentally demonstrate a highspeed electrooptical modulator in compact silicon structures. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides, light emitters, amplifiers and lasers approach this goal, but a small silicon electrooptic modulator with a size small enough for chipscale integration has not yet been demonstrated. Deposited silicon highspeed integrated electrooptic modulator. Claddings based on a polymer matrix containing chromophores have been introduced, and their strong. Here we experimentally demonstrate a highspeed electrooptical modulator in compact. Electrooptic modulation plays a critical role in implementing space, power and spectrally efficient optical interconnection for highcapacity computing systems. It is a flexible platform for tailoring modal dispersion, confinement. Oeo uses an rf filter and an electrooptic modulator for filtering the rf signal and upconverting it to optical. Electrooptic modulators operation of electrooptic modulators is based on the principle of induced birefringence. Electrooptic modulator types phase modulators the simplest type of electrooptic modulator is a phase modulator containing only a pockels cell, where an electric field changes the phase delay of a laser beam sent through the crystal. In this work, a silicon electrooptic modulator based on a new type of phase shifter is proposed. In external electrooptic sampling or indirect electrooptic sampling, one uses an external electrooptic probe proximity electrodeless modulator.
Optical technology is poised to revolutionise short reach interconnects. Abstractwe present an optimized design and detailed simulation of an allsilicon optical modulator based on a silicon waveguide phase shifter containing a metaloxidesemiconductor mos capacitor. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides 57, light emitters 8, amplifiers 911 and lasers 12, approach this goal, but a small silicon electro optic modulator with a size small. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or direction of the modulated beam. Here, we discuss highconfinement resonators as modulators for achieving high performance in micrometersize structures. Metal interconnections are expected to become the limiting factor for the performance of electronic systems as transistors. This structure may exhibit significant current modulation despite multiple modes. Pockels cell is such device which can produce controllable birefringence by applying voltage to the cell.
Siliconorganic hybrid, silicononinsulator, photonic integrated circuit, modulator, organic crystal, electrooptic. Micrometrescale silicon electrooptic modulator nature. All electrooptic modulators listed in this data sheet are of the transverse field type, that is, the electric field produced by the applied signal voltage is perpendicular to the optical propagation direction. Modulators have been improved dramatically in recent years. We report an optical link on silicon using micrometer scale ringresonator enhanced silicon modulators and waveguideintegrated germanium photodetectors. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides 5,6,7, light emitters 8, amplifiers 9,10,11 and lasers 12, approach this goal, but a small silicon electro optic modulator with a size small. This complements silicon photonics with the electrooptic eo effect originating from the cladding and enables functionalities such as pure phase modulation, parametric amplification, or thzwave generation. We experimentally demonstrate a micronsize electrooptic modulator using a highindexcontrast silicon fabryperot resonator cavity. This technology allows to choose among a variety of materials with significantly larger. Svarny t advances in robotics, mechatronics and circuits. The jenoptik integrated optical phase modulator is a fibercoupled electrooptical light modulator. Electro optical modulator system configuration options.
One of the most important devices in optoelectronic integrated circuits is the electrooptic eo modulator 7,8, which converts electronic signals into high bitrate photonic data. Pdf recent advances in polymer electrooptic modulators. Maldonado department of electrical engineering the uni y ersity of texas at arlington arlington, texas 1 3. Weigel1, jie zhao1, kelvin fang1, hasan alrubaye1, douglas trotter2, dana hood2, john mudrick2, christina dallo2, andrew t. Thorlabs freespace electrooptic eo amplitude and phase lithium niobate modulators use mgodoped lithium niobate for high power operation. Compact electro optical modulators are demonstrated on thin films of lithium niobate on silicon operating up to 50 ghz.
Wide temperature range operation of micrometerscale silicon. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Micrometer scale lithium niobate electrooptic modulators mian zhang, cheng wang, brian stern, michal lipson, and marko loncar. The jenoptik integrated optical amplitude modulator is a fibercoupled electrooptical light modulator. Integrated ghz silicon photonic interconnect with micrometerscale. We characterize the optical responses upon various dc and rf voltage supplies. Based on a fully vectorial maxwell mode solver, we analyze the modal characteristics of the silicon waveguide. High speed silicon electrooptic modulator with pin comb. The modulator is based on a resonant lightconfining. We offer modulators for wavelengths in the vis and ir spectral range for this purpose. Modeling of the nonlinear distortion in an electrooptic siliconbased machzehnder modulator modeling of the nonlinear distortion in an electrooptic siliconbased machzehnder modulator an analytical model for calculating the nonlinear rf distortion products in siliconbased electrooptic machzehnder modulators is reported and experimentally. Silicon electrooptic modulator university of st andrews. Compact electrooptic modulator on silicononinsulator. Osa integrated ghz silicon photonic interconnect with.
Bhave oxidemems lab, cornell university, ithaca, ny, usa. In this paper, we analyze the performance of an electrooptic modulator based on a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a nanoresonator, where electrical control of the quantum dot frequency is achieved. Nasa technical note electrooptic and magnetooptic modulators by e. The cell contains uniaxial crystal, which becomes biaxial when electric field is applied. This work presents the first successful implementation of a silicon eo modulator with 40 gbits modulation speed. Other design targets are small size and low optical losses. Photonic crystal fiber pcf is wellsuited for sensing applications. Scaling the modulation bandwidth and phase efficiency of a. Electrooptic organic crystal silicon highspeed modulator.
The current modulation in the proposed structure arises from spin precession due to the spin. A pplyin g an electric field to the crystal in duces a chan ge in the in dices of refraction both ordin ary. We report an optical link on silicon using micrometerscale. The halfwave voltage length product of the highperformance devices is 3. The total energy consumption for such a link is estimated to be 120 fjbit. We present a high phaseshift efficienct machzehnder silicon optical modulator based on the carrierdepletion effect in a highlydoped pn diode with a small waveguide crosssectional area. Micrometer scale lithium niobate electrooptic modulators. It uses the machzehnder interferometer principle in waveguides, enabling you to transmit signals with particularly high modulation frequencies up to the gigahertz range. Highperformance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate mach. Modulation bandwidths extending into the gigahertz range are possible with the use of lasercontrolled modulators. Loncar, micrometer scale lithium niobate electrooptic modulators, in conference on lasers and electrooptics, osa technical digest online optical. The schematic of the electro optic modulator is shown in fig.
Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides5,6,7, light emitters8, amplifiers9,10,11 and lasers12, approach this goal, but a small. This probe may be a plate of electrooptic material used in transmission or reflection or a small micromachined crystal, which may be mounted on a fiber often with a grin lens in between. With jenoptik integrated optical phase modulators, you can influence the phase of light in particularly high modulation frequencies up to the gigahertz range. Pdf on the modulation phase efficiency of a silicon pi. Design of a 90 ghz soi fin electrooptic modulator for high. The electrooptic tensor for gaas has nonzero components r41 r52 r63 in the crystal coordinate system. Uri cummings, linearized and high frequency electrooptic modulators. Bias driver of the machzehnder intensity electrooptic modulator, based on harmonic analysis j. Electrooptic modulator eom is an optical device in which a signalcontrolled element displaying electrooptic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. On the modulation phase efficiency of a silicon pin diode optical modulator. Hybrid silicon photonic lithium niobate electrooptic mach. High frequency electrooptic measurement of strained.
Such a compact and low power monolithic link is an essential step. The focus is on how to use some of the new features introduced in. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or polarization of the beam. An electrooptic modulator based on a 1dimensional photonic crystal in a fabryperot structure in a silicon on insulator waveguide with a comb like diode structure is proposed. Strained silicon, pockels effect, plasma carrier effect, integrated optical devices, electrooptic modulators. Design of cmos compatible and compact, thermallycompensated electrooptic modulator based on offaxis microring resonator for. Nanoscale graphene electrooptic modulators zhaolin lu and wangshi zhao.